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- National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (NAPBBP) first professional baseball league (Rosenberg, 2012).
- The first African American professional baseball team was the Cuban Giants, which was created in 1885 (Waggoner, n.d.).
- Negro National League was founded by Rube Foster, who was known as the “father of black baseball.” (Lumpkin, 2011).
- The last team to sign an African American player was the Boston Red Sox in 1959 (Rubinstein, 2003).
- Moses Fleetwood Walker, an African American, was signed to the Toledo Blue Stockings in 1884 (Rowell, 2015).
- The Ives-Quinn Act, enacted in 1945, is a law banning employment discrimination in New York (Ottman, 2005).